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The next target is Homo sapiens by Julianne Moore, its chalet melter Larsson and Maya Minda. And it's about their open sail research, please, giving them a great round of applause and welcome them to the stage. If you have.
If you have questions during the talk from the Internet, please use our channels and IAC or Mastodon or Twitter and just use the hashtag. Eliza, are you guys ready? Totally awesome. Looking forward to it.
Thanks for the introduction and glad you all made it here today. And yeah, we're really excited to tell you about our project. So to get started. We want to summarize. I would like to give an introduction, a short introduction into soil science, the definition of humans and some major facts to get us all on the same page here. And Julian will introduce the human sapiens project and what it's all about. And after that, Maya will give a short introduction of open science and art. And we actually reserved 30 minutes of our time for an open discussion at the end because we think it's mostly very fruitful to have discussions rather than having a monologue on you. So we're really looking forward to that. And yeah, first thing, humans. So what comes in mind? It's probably that. And I can assure you it's really delicious. But we want to talk today about the soil, the humus soil, and therefore, we want to give you a definition of what soil actually is. And there are a lot of definitions. Historically, the science about soil arose from a different perspective. Front scientists, the scientific research from ecological perspectives to agricultural perspectives. And the perspectives really matters if you define something so you can see it as a productive system for your agriculture efficiency, but you can also see it as a four dimensional natural entity. That content that actually is made of sand, silk and clay, also a base layer of rock and soil actually develops over time by climate influences, direct or indirect. And another content of soil is hum
us. And this is what we want to talk about today. And humans essentially is the dark layer that you see on the top, which is actually made of organic matter and this organic matter. This humus part is also found in deeper layers of the soil. So there's always mobilisation of humans by water, for example, in deeper soil levels. And the humans is super important for the soil because it contains the major part of carbon and nitrogen, which is essential for plant nutrition. And it all is very complex and diverse. Multitude of species fungi, bacteria, protozoa are true parts. There are countless of individuals per square centimeter and yeah, it's massively influenced by climate factors. So to give you a short introduction about the complexity, I over simplified with a little sketch. I made it on my phone this morning to give you a short introduction of the sort of food web. It's actually considered as a bio reactor. It's a very complex, complicated system. And to just give you an idea. The first stage, the first level of the soil food web is the photosynthesis. As you can say, it's the input parameter. So we have organic waste from bacteria residues. We have planned that give residues from the roots, but also plant metal like litter from the top. And all this is processed on the second level by the decomposes and decompose. US are fungi, essentially bacteria. And the third level, they feed on those decomposes. Those are the spread us, graze us also pathogens. This is a protozoa or a mover in German. Yeah, and delivered for pre-date us. So the organisms, they grow larger. And then we come to a level where we have a lot of predators. They feed off the smaller organisms and those nematodes and triplets. And then the next level we have, for example, larger animals like birds or. Yeah. Yeah. Different. Different kinds of mice. Yeah. Moles. Moles. Yeah. So one important thing to mention is the trees act as a nutrient pump or base. You can also say in science. So if you have a
soil, you'll always have the release and the binding of carbon and nitrogen. And this fixation and this mobilization, that abuse is very important to understand that if you have water like the rain is coming and it flows down those nutrients that are released. So it's very important to have vegetation because the deep rooting vegetation is actually sucking up those nutrients and bringing bringing it up to the tree. And every autumn it's falling down as leafs, for example, and those leaves accumulate in the soil, the top layer and will become humus. And this is very important to understand when we think about climate change and rising temperatures and the microbial activity will increase. And this leads to more greenhouse gas releases. And to show you why this could be a problem or already. Now, with the rising temperatures, it's important to understand that the carbon stock distribution is if you look at the latitude of the our planet in the southern hemisphere, the equator, this is where we are based right now and the northern hemisphere. You can see that the accumulation of carbon stocks in the deeper soil levels. So we are here at 150 centimeters increasing the further you come to the north of the planet. And this is due to the fact that it's colder. So the microbial activity is slower. So the accumulation of carbon is increased. And even though that the vegetation stock is relatively low in comparison to the equator, the carbon stocks are really high. So if we speak about global temperature rise, we have to keep in mind that we will have an increase in microbial activity prospectively. And you can also see there is also the greatest amount of soil microbial mass in the northern hemisphere. So another drawing from my phone. Super important human dimension as well is that vegetation covers from sunlight, it covers from wind erosion and also from water erosion. So if we want to preserve the fertility of the soil, that healthy soil, if we want to build up humus, it'
s very important to to protect the soil. And there's a natural system that evolved over millions of years and it doesn't need any maintenance and is actually sequestering that carbon forest. It's called a forest and it's actually hosting all those microorganisms in all the varieties they have. And if we protect the systems that we have and we increase the number, we can actually sequester quite a huge amount of carbon. So there there's quite a lot of studies about that topic. And I just read this morning that we could sequester roughly about 20 percent of the carbon emissions from the last 20 years if we planned. One point seven billion trees. And it's a rather cheap option to sequester those carbon emissions. And our problem nowadays is that there's not enough drive, not enough force. And we have yeah, we have to deal with really inappropriate land management practices worldwide. And there is a tremendous amount of work we have to do. And this is the reason I will hand over the presentation to you, you know, and why we started with the project. Thank you. Thank you very much, Martin. You can view me, so. Yeah. My honor to introduce a bit about the project itself. The main questions who, where and what and also how did it all start here? I would like to tell you a bit about the Clinton biotech retreat in 2017. I see some people in the audience who have been there and it was organized by wonderful my I mean, who will talk afterwards after me and Mark to see you, also founder of bacteria who can unfortunately not be here today. And yes, so at this retreat, we were sitting together and the three of us kind of developed the plan to work on soil in the future. And then we had another meeting later and we decided to basically integrate what we were doing already. So our own networks and throw them together to create something new and bigger. So with all those projects that people were involved, this is an incomplete summary of the of the network, which was partly already
there before the project, and partly it grew together through the last two years of Homo sapiens so that our universities involved like two CERN and my MA. There's also fab lab and hacker spaces, biomarker spaces and art association. And yeah, some communities and camps and yeah, several things altogether. And yeah. Then we thought where so many people who are interested in these topics, we should try to raise some money. And we did a crowdfunding campaign. We actually we also hacked it a bit. I can tell you more about that later. So we got a bit of money. I would like to show you the video that played. Just to give you some impression of how it looked like there in turn house or the footages from from Clint High. And so its artists and hackers and biologists, makers, engineers, nanotechnologies biochemists, all sorts of people coming together there and also film makers. So it was nicely documented. Several short movies came out of that. And some also people with their families. So kids were jumping around. And we we worked with what we found there. So we did excursions in the mountains and got inspired by everything that that is around. And yeah, tried to implement it in our in our daily work. And yeah, a few interesting projects and also new collaborations came from that. And that's also the spirit that we then integrated into the retreats and Homo sapiens. So it's about diversity, interdisciplinary T and this interdisciplinary collaboration and mainly about long term project. So it's not so much about finishing something within these few days. But to think about what we want to focus on in the future and who we want to work with. Yeah. And also about having a good time together. So definitely meeting interesting people. Yeah. Yeah. I just. Yeah, that will be integrated some images of what is going on right now. And we suggest that these two projects in the crowdfunding campaign to retreats and actually, no, it's not working. No, actually, we did much, much, much
more so there's the wiki, which is even incomplete with all the stuff that happened within Homo sapiens in the last two years, and it's been in 2013 alone, three retreats and loads of workshops. And yeah, I will shortly go through a bit of the where and what. So three pillars of Homo sapiens that I would like to introduce. One is the retreats, open collaborations. So you already know what it's about. We did one in Switzerland. We were sitting at the campfire a lot, which was very great, but we were also working hard and soldiering stuff in the open and working on the soil respiration chamber. I will tell you later and we were talking a lot and doing a lot of excursions. So as you see, we like to sit around in forests. And we also did that in Germany a lot recently. This autumn and the last retreat. And yeah, we also sometimes get into cities. This was in Stuttgart, Container City. In cities, we like to sit on chairs and go to the local urban garden and get some samples there. And yeah. As I said before, it's about getting together and meeting interesting people and growing the networks together. So this map of networks that I showed before, it needs to do people need to meet in real life. It's nice to collaborate online, but it's much nicer to really sit together, as you know, here on the Congress. It's the same kind of thing, only a few more people. So the retreats were usually about 15 to 30 people and focused on soil. Also, Mark went to Finland for for quite a while to do some projects there. And together with Maya, they went to Indonesia. This year, I had a three day workshop in Lithuania where we found this wonderful soil profile in a local park, which where you can see the picture that my dad showed before the homeless layer and then the human waste layer and then the rocks. Well, they were quite creative. And in Slovenia, maybe some of, you know, Piff camp. I was there this summer. Yeah. But let's go to the second pillar, the workshop. So it's about sharing k
nowledge and making science accessible basically also through open source instructions and just getting people again together to get their hands dirty and work with soil. And we also, again, like to do excursions and be outside. But usually those workshops are more an urban setting because that's where the participants are. This was in Paris. It's harder to find the soil there and fab labs sometimes like spaces hosted at us to do workshops there. This was in Lucerne at the fab lab and this was in Berlin. And in that case, we go out with all the participants and we collect samples and we just have to bring the dirt inside, basically. Yeah. To continue to work with it. And we also did children workshops. So it's again, open for everyone. And even old people sometimes join the workshops. And at the end of these workshops, it's usually a big mess, maybe just a bit dark, but the table full of stuff. And in this case, this was in Stuttgart. We afterwards just declared it to be an installation now. So it was open for another two weeks, I think. And people could watch what the mess we were leaving after that after our workshops and retreat. So and the third one is the open hardware. You are probably quite familiar with this stuff again on soil research. So this is I'm not a real hardware smoldering kind of person, but I actually did assemble this. So respiration chamber, it has been developed quite a lot further, if you're interested. Look at the bacteria. It's well-documented, there's stuff on GitHub, but everything is there and it works really well. And it also works with a solar panel. If there's a lot of sun, maybe use a bigger panel next time. But it did work. And yeah. So I am personally a biologist, so I'm actually more interested in the wet weather. So what about open wet weather? Maybe if you'd like to discuss about that later or outside in the tea tent or whatever. I'm very open to that now. I hope I kind of clarified a few questions on the project itself and woul
d like to give over the word to Maya. So hi, everybody. I'm Maya. I'm not a biologist. I'm not a geologist. I'm not bio. I'm coming from the arts. And I'm calling myself now a firm and tester. So what I do. I learned it all myself. So I have this DIY approach. I would like to give you my view on soils through fermentation, which is a alternate history science as well as science, which is 10000 years old compared to academic science, which is 150 years old. And I want to talk about like how Homo sapiens tries to open up disciplines as well to involve the people who are dealing with the soil because we're digging into the soil and touching it to grow gardens. And there's this question, is it enough to grow your own garden? So your own garden at home in the city, you've shape a garden or you have a farm. And the question is, is it? Maybe it is. So fermentation has been knowledge or a cultural heritage since 10000 years old. And people started to ferment something which is magic as well, like yeast itself has the Greek origin, word of mouth. And they did not know what they do there because they couldn't see the microbes and organisms. But within those 10000 years, we developed something which is always regional, adapted to the climate and adapted to the soil as well and to the nature. So fermenting means you become aware of your seasons in your country. If you have seasons, had seasons or not, and you become aware about what is growing, where and how and how it grows better and how to preserve the food, how to make food more, more tasty and less toxic. So there is maybe the link to the soil as well, because soil needs to feed us. And the question is, how are we going to feed us within the next 50, 150 and 200 years? So what I wanted to say is that we maybe can also say that we always been biomarkers in that way, that we always were dealing with the microbes and organisms, which I also like to call the invisible helpers and through fermentation. Science now has started t
o have this approach to talk about the whole of beyond. Or you can also say, like the microbiome, most of the people know about the microbiome. We. Each one carries two kilograms of microorganisms inside himself. But there's also the surrounding, which is around us, which we carry around us like a halo, which we also exchange when we talk to people and which is always connected to the environment as well. So through breathing, through eating, we are income continuous exchange with our environment within science, which is mainly a male dominated. Sector there has been Lynn Margulis and Lynn Margulis. She came up with the theory of the end of is certain to symbiosis and the idea of like how to create Excel. Maybe some of you remember, remember from biology. Interesting biological classes. So how? So you see links to the micro organisms are divided by fear. Here are the cardio antibacterial. So to step from bacteria to the cardio, Lynn Margulis made up this theory that it was made by one bacteria eating up the other bacteria, and then instead of just digesting it, realizing, hey, we can also live in a symbiosis. Lynn Markell, as she marked like a change of concept in biology, of the history of evolution itself. So when you go to Charles Darwin as well. Charles Darwin, he was marked by the term the survival of the fittest. And Lynn Margulis, this concept is like contradicting this concept when the survival of the fittest has been as well emblematic for a slogan of capitalism and hyper capitalism. We could now say that within the time of entropy scene, we could now maybe change back again to the idea of symbiosis as well. And. What I also wanted to say that Louis Pasteur. Louis Pasteur. He marks also this time when we started to vaccinate ourselves. So his inventor of the vaccination as well, the inventor of fermentation. So seismology. And he I always say he was a promoter of how to haunt the germs down. So through pasteurization. There's this start of phobia against mi
crobes, which has now been marked in agriculture. How we tried to erase just everything in the soil through fungus side has pesticide herbicides and tried to breakdown this diversity, which is maybe for humans invisible. But it's always been here. De Forest, as we had before, as an example, it always was self-sustaining and living for itself. So through bacteria, what we do in our workshops, we tried to make those microbes visible as well. And we tried to teach those beautiful pictures to bring them to the people as well, because we're so human. So we have our senses and the visible visual senses, something which is very strong. The pictures talk more than a thousand words. And so to show the people that there is much more in a drop of water and the soil makes them also become aware of this invisible force. So now, again, we are in the interest person. And I would maybe say let's just skip it to enter a scene and go further. I want one interesting aspect of the entropy scene is we can use this word entropy scene or climate change, climate warrants. But the what was before it the entropy scene was the Holocene. And there's a parallel city as well. The Holocene is so it started nine thousand ten thousand year before. So with the settlement of humans, with the humans becoming farmers as well, we just we just get agro industry is the biggest industry in the world and it implies 1 billion people. And we just keep. So here I just wanted to show I want to show you now small projects of people getting involved into soil or microbes and our projects. Those are mainly and processed projects which have a different approach of how to bring these things back to the people. And I don't want to say like Sapienza is like superior in thought at all. What I noticed is that more and more people are starting to distribute and show this knowledge, inform of our pieces and practices as well. So it's like similar a similar elective fermentation. It's started to become like a movement as w
ell, like a global movement, farming, urban farming, urban gardens, also community gardens and community farm. All those projects, we all get involved to disperse the circular soil cryptography by Armenia Asgari And this is a real nice technique, which is which is based on a technique of photography. So you meant 850 years ago says she uses silver nitrate and mixes it together with soil probes which she to loose in Boulder. And this is the result we have afterwards after the tests. And what I think is the beauty in it here, it combines the art with the science as well, because for the interpretation of those samples, you have to use the creativity, creative potential of analyzing and interpretation. This is something which is still belongs to the human, not to machines. And so it's quite a beautiful way. How pictures? Again, the pictures can help to activate humans creativity as well. This is a project I would like to introduce you because it's done by a single person in the city of Civic. This person, Morris Mucky, he now becomes a lot of rewards for this project. But he was doing this project, Flanagan, really long since 30 years secretly. And just just one person who was seeding, ceding the whole city every small green quarter square meter. He found he would seed new seeds. And within those 30 years, suddenly the city of Syria got really stroked about the diversity of plants and flowers we have within the city. And so this shows for me this this is an example that it shows how we might are intoxicated about all the weight and heaviness of responsibility we have to take care about against global warming and stuff. But how much just one person can do with consistency. And as well, it's time. This is not a project about OK. So this is the last project I wanted to show you. It's from such a pilots. And she works with with the micro bacteria together, which is just recently, scientists found out that this bacteria lives in the soil and it has healthy benefits, that it
can improve your immune system and can make you happy. So that's a wonderful initiative. OK. So we direction like. Thank you very much. Applause. Thank you. Thank you so much, guys. So we have time now for some questions. Please queue up by the microphones and we'll get to you. Thank you so much. And if you want to stay in contact, we have a few options for you here. So the mic bulimic Web site was done by more. My brother was sitting over there. No word press, no match and nothing. You can safely sign up to the newsletter. And Winkie, follow on Twitter. Just write us an e-mail or whatever. And if you're really like what we do, there's also several possibilities to support us either through the Web site. The donations. Bitcoin, lightning. Yeah. Feel free. So there are some people. Microphone number two, please. Yes. First of all, I'd like to make a comment. And I think it's really important also to stress that our first station is not very good tool for carbon capture, because what we're doing is removing carbon from the jinich from the Gen-X base to a biological space. And the biological space is lab and highly lab and as you can see with the forest fires. So I think it's really important to consider that. But I really like to talk nevertheless, and I would like to talk to you about maybe building so moisture sensor, but maybe later on. There are several versions of side moisture sensors documented as well that the funniest is in the shape of the mole. You can find it on the wiki. Yeah, but there are more serious applications. The mole just makes sound and blinking the D according to the moisture, but you can also plug it to some. Do we know? Okay, great. Now have a look at that. Thank you. Thank you. Microphone. No fee free, please. Now maybe to the question. I actually had a question for me. Well, I did it. It was just the comment that I if you want to pass it now, we can talk about it. But there are other people also having questions, I guess. Yeah, maybe very
short. No one who didn't understand the question. Correct. You said reforestation is not a good choice. It's a good choice. We should reforest definitely. But we shouldn't view it as a carbon capture, as a good carbon capture option because it by Jinich you don't have to switch. Fischer is very liberal. And what we're doing is when we're burning carbon in fossil fuels, we're taking it from the soil or from actually angiogenesis source and moving it to a biological storage, which you basically say is it's a fossil carbon stock that we released into the atmosphere. Exactly. I just capturing it via the biosphere. We should actually put it back into the ground. That's what you're saying. Yeah, it's not possible. Which is why a forestation is still a very good option because there are not so many other options. But it sometimes in a lot of newspaper articles, it gives the impression that, oh, we can fix this. We just need to plant more trees. And that's just not that's just one part of it. It's also very real that trees are very vulnerable to storms, to climate change, to forest fires, to land use change, all these kinds of things. And what a lot of papers also don't consider is that they work with due date, of course, but they don't sometimes consider who is already living on that land. And a lot of recommendations from a forest station. Yes, go to the global south where people actually use the land to live. One comment of that, the narrative is horrible because the narrative just implies that we can do business as usual and plant a few billion trees. And that's the problem. But I think anyway, regrowing forests makes a lot of sense and also maybe food forests that we can actually use. But we can discuss about that later. I think it's too big topic for message to. It's not only saving money, saving the planet, planting trees, but also create more humus so that they forgot to talk about composting. Yeah. Yeah. We should talk about compost. There's this one technique of t
he powerless people. These are all sheep, you know, to target. Yes. There are techniques where you burn like those those things. You're competent compost. So like citrus, citrus skin and dried bread and stuff. And you paralyse it and make a carbon out of it. And then. Put it back to us. I think there's always small ideas like creative solutions, which we can use. And when we're speaking about like large scale carbon sequestration here and maybe next, this next question. I mean, it's it's a super important topic. I mean, just give your input. I mean, if you're interested in it, just shout out your questions. I mean, should be living for a discussion, right. So I think it's a very, very important point. And we can talk a lot about that. Probably we skip it for later and just listen to the other questions. And I think the topic will arise again. And I have way more things to say about that. But let's listen to the. I'm just around so we can debate about it. Sure. Thanks a lot. Microphone number three, please. Yes. Thank you for talking. I phoned your workshops. May look more interesting than you said a lot about it, but I still have no clue. But actually, you did. Could you get a bit more into detail what exactly you were exploring in the workshops or did retreats, the workshops and also the fuel explorations of the sensors? Yeah. So the workshops are mainly what I call a workshop is usually like a three hour format or something like that. Sometimes it was longer, but that's around the shortest that I did and that's more or less science communication that it's getting city people to dig in the soil and doing microscopy with it and seeing while it's full of life. Is it everything's going on in there and works with people falling within these retreats. The combinations of workshops we do is always based on the participants. So it's changing every retreat. It's changing a lot. And we start to like brainstorming. We get the idea that people introduce themselves and tell ab
out what they have to teach to the others. And so it's this idea of unlearning and do it together as well. So I think if you want to describe it, it's science communication. But what kind of research do you do? You have this feud explorations with bonus insults. I still have no clue what you were looking for. Hmm. So what I'm interested in is the microbial life. And I will just buy the next question is asked. Put a few videos of microscopy. I'm trying to get a clue with low tech equipment, get a clue of the microbial diversity in the soil and activity. The activity is relatively easy if you just abstract it and say it's equivalent to CO2. So then you can use the soil respiration chamber and and measure the CO2 and you get in rough activity. You don't get like how much nitrogen is fixed, of course, but we can work on that in the future. And with microscopy, actually the low tech microscopy, you can get an idea about the diversity. I'm still not sure how well it works nowadays if you talk with the soil scientists. I did a lot of talking with soil scientists. They all say this is old school. We all do matter. Genomic sequencing, that's the only thing. How to do it now might be true. Might be also like a bit too much for what we want to do. They have a simple tool for gardeners to assess the soil quality, but we might also work on method genomic sequencing. It gets cheaper and easier accessible every day, basically. So next year maybe we talk about breaking down science, but also their approach from the other side. Brain science, low tech approaches for poor people and community as many community. I mean, we're at the brink of a fundamental change, how we do agriculture, how we do our economics. And I think where we're trying to be on the forefront of that and try to deliver knowledge, try to like we're still in the process of involvement. So to to look, okay, what kind of solutions do we need? What kind of research do we need to do? What kind of workshops do we need to
perform? It's a matter of like it's a it's a very organic process. I would say yes. And those which are fun. And so the idea of open source is anybody can make it. Yeah, great. Thanks a lot. And we have a question from the Internet. Please. Oh, the Internet. Are you aware of any open, accessible do it yourself methods to detect heavy metal pollution in the soil? Should I? Yeah. I know of a project in Indonesia, Life Patch, Petrol, some collaboration partners who basically work with I don't know which species, but they grow microorganisms that are sensitive to heavy metals and by doing a dilution basically and growing them. You can see you can see what amount of heavy metals you have. It's not specific. Like you can say this is which kind of heavy metal is in there, but you can see that there is something very toxic in there. And roughly how much? If you standardize it on on on some stock solutions where you know the concentration and also a small in tip documents, if the documents are that most of the projects are documented and the bacteria be key and there is also a forum which is freely accessible, text area forum, forum bacteria. That's OK. And you can just ask questions inside the forum, which then links to a great network of artists, DIY scientists and people who are talking on this topic. Thanks a lot. Microphone number two, please. Hi. Great, thanks for you. Really, really interesting talk. I have two short questions. So the first one is what is the microorganism which was mentioned in the last? Or what is the exact name of the microorganism mentioned in the last project? Which makes our immune system active and makes us happy that this system microbe bacterium. So I'd say about. Back to make a. That so I can I can write it down for Battersea or some fancy Lassie or they call it golden bacteria also. Have you heard of it before. But you can said no not yet. Unfortunately that's that's the thing. That's why we become happy to bargain. But one one one thing t
oo that I think it's also a bit of oversimplification. Science always tries to get the one bacterium that does something nice, like that's the one you need to be healthy and then you can buy it in the pharmacy and eat it and then you're healthy. But I think that's not how it works. It makes it worse. I definitely drink more computer. Yes. But if you look at the human gut, diversity is actually the key to stability and therefore a stable health psychological help. Yeah. Good cause. Health. Healthy food and gardening. Carlos Diaz, I'm posting. Get your hands dirty. Okay. Thanks. And my second question is, when is the where have you planned any retreats for the upcoming year? When and where? Yes. The idea to be in Slovenia sometime in 2020 came up about there's no fixed date or anything. But there's a newsletter and we rarely send it's like every two months or something. But if we send it, then there's news in there. All right. You look like you can you can organize one yourself or you can invite people as well. So just get in touch. Yeah. If you ever place, invite us. Take a hint. Thank you. Microphone number three, please. I'm a supporter of the project. Oh, really? And I would like to ask whether they already met the experience of seeing the contacts with, uh, for example, permission for toxic waste. They come from novelty and there's no normal incidence of a certain kind of cancer, said a malformation. So my, uh, I really tried to develop a project sort of research lab. Uh uh. Read the projects, uh, similar to this trauma detection. No low cost. Distributed detection of. Mutagen, for example. I do know a few have previous experience with this, I do. Probably this is more general wisdom of the one or the previous one about heavy metals. Hmm. So so so far, I mean, so far we don't have some techniques, but I know like the heavy metals, how to measure them is mostly by spectrometry. And that's even people are here in the audience. Who do they build or they give worksho
ps on DIY spectrometry. They'll look into your own spectrometer, which is actually it's not so difficult. If I were doing a small cave and and this is the difference approach about detecting them and then for sure there must be some mushrooms around which can help us in the mushrooms would actually be then remediating the soil. So to get all the toxic stuff out. That's what the mushrooms do. It doesn't don't they. Yeah. Depending on the mushroom. Depending on the soil. It's I wouldn't say it's an easy approach. Excuse me. Well I to be honest I don't know too much. Sorry. Yeah. Hit the mushrooms are not enough. He just said it's the mushrooms are not enough to get the heavy metals out of the ground. Yes. I just saw some statistic that the most use of fungus site is mainly by fruit tree plantations. So like all kinds of apples, piers and peaches and things like massively use of fungus sites. And there are some people who say like that on the countryside has let you have less fungi and inside the city because we're not using fungus fungus sites inside the city. Makes sense. Thank you. And microphone number two, please. Yeah. Thanks a lot. I wanted to ask a practical question. There is a small forest in book that I wanted to. A forest. Three forests because it's like it's a very sad forest. And only Lester's Keefe didn't know in English, just neat needle trees. And so lots of soil like only these needles and looks very sad. So I wanted to ask if it would be maybe a good idea to get a small soil samples from other places so that mushrooms can grow there. Or what if you have any tips there? Yeah, in Germany. What's happening right now is the quiet buy ball. It's it's a transformation of our forests back from those kind of forest trees or in that case, the pine trees to a broad leaf tree forest or a mixed forest. This is essentially the best measure you can take. So by just changing the kind of vegetation you have, you don't have to bring in any composed. You don't know. J
ust just leave nature. Do the work for you. So what you can do is I mean, I don't know the site. I don't know how the stock actually looks like. But you can find it out and planned manually or if you have a broad leaf. Trees around your side, they would actually seed and germinate. If they have the right conditions. But it's totally up to the stocking and the kind of trees we can have a discussion about that later. This is actually my major. This is what I studied. So you can. I also live in Hamburg. So I know about those forests. And I know that the problem is that the soil of those little humus is very, very acidic. So there's not much life in there. But just come to me after the discussion and I would explain to you what you need to do. Thank you. But very. Yeah. As far as I understood, if you just do nothing, it will transform by itself because our client is not appropriate for those trees. Only the mountain climb. But if you wants to experience you, sure you want to accelerate at the example of low tar to form a storm. I was a huge storm in 2008 in Switzerland, which broke down many, many thousands of trees and big square kilometer. And by then it was a catastrophe. And now, twelve years later, they found out that those trees which are regrowing there by nature. Those are both saying that purchase and trees that are much better adapted to climate war as well. So that nature is. Storing itself and then another another direction is also that people start or scientists, they start to imply microbes around seats, so they provide the seats with natural resilience, like resilient self-defense as well. So this is this is the whole idea of bio virtualization as well, like how to bring back microbes into the soil. And I think for it for land, which is debased and you have no organic living anymore, you can as well help. So let me compost as well. That's the nicest thing you do. You just if you have too much soil, when you do produce soil through it, where we compost it,
just throw it out into the street. Just bring in a lot of different topics. Now, if you want to get into the crazy and why you have to bring in sports, sometimes we can also go into that conversation. I can teach you probably something about that. And yet the storms that you were speaking about and the vegetation that is arising after that is called peer and V, the potential natural vegetation that is actually adapted to the site. And if you ever leave a conventional it's a plantation, you can call it. So if you if you have a pine tree forest, it's basically a plantation of really young same age trees for wood production would pop production or whatever. So it's an industrialized agricultural site. You can say so if you leave it, it will die sooner or later. Insects will come, storms will come, and it's just eradicating all the plants that are not naturally adapted to the site. So you can just leave it. I think do nothing and everyone will complain. Oh, my God. The bark beetle is coming and it just kills all the trees. But it's natural they're not adapted. So, yeah, next question. Great. Thank you so much. And microphone number three, please. Thank you so much for the presentation and sharing this beautiful collaboration project. I come from an art science background as well, so I'm familiar with the language. However, from what I've seen with international environment policies and also are economic driven industries, we are mostly focusing on carbon emissions and how to measure our impact on the environment through that and minimizing or industrial impact. Based on this, without noticing that biodiversity and soil health is more essential to planet health and our overall sustainability, whatever we like to call it. So I will. My question is more of I would like to ask you to share your visions on, for example, science communication. How can we convey the idea to the majority of the population who are under you mentioned ethical centric perceptions. So we are funda
mentally separating our human population from nature. And majority of the people would still found soil being dirt and would like to everything to piece to stir. I asked and cleaned in our human perceptions. These are words what I am struggling in my own life because personally I love nature. I love they swim in soils and forwards and does everything. Scientists would like to. I would like to ask you to share your visions, how we can share this love for nature with others. Thank you. Some short words. So sharing the love, spreading the love is really nice. That is say it like that. We also sometimes talk about social hormones building social hormones. Within those retreats. And it's I think the way to go is to involve your direct surrounding your family, your friends and so on and start talking with them about these things. And people who really never get out of the city, just take them out of the city. But I'm actually not that optimistic that we we just spread this love and then everything will change and be fine. I think there's a much more fundamental problem and deeply rooted in our capitalist society. And we need really a fundamental system change. And talking about reducing emissions, especially talking about reducing emissions, doesn't help. And in reference to the soil, what what I usually use are just two very simple numbers. One is from the United Nations, which talks about desertification. So erosion. And it's something really insane, like twenty three billion tons of soil that we lose each year due to land, mismanagement, praxis. It's hard to imagine this number. And I still didn't come up with a good comparison. But it's not that the soil gets less good and that we lose humus or fertility. No, it's gone. It's the ground beneath our feet is gone. It's washed into the rivers, into the oceans. That's the one thing with the rest that is still here in our so-called developed countries. We like to build things on them. So in German, we have a nice word for t
hat. It's called Fleck and for Hamas. So eating up the country. And it describes the conversion from agricultural land and forest to building land. And each day in Germany, it's 61 hectares. For that, I have a comparison. So the big glass hole at the center of this place here is two hectares.
So about every forty seven minutes, this area is lost. And this goes on day and night, day and night. Cities are growing and growing and growing and growing. Infrastructure is growing. We build logistic centers everywhere. It's just quite crazy. And we need to embrace a real. Yeah. Growth, economy and growth political system whatsoever. How how it might even look like. I mean, 2019 has been a good year for us, at least that I think the word of climate change is the word of 2019. So to talk if language is a virus as well like this is communication, communication about sharing ideas and thoughts and concepts. And what's with this phobia of third and and microbes as well, like through fermentation, again, you can teach to people like building up your microbiome because babies are born sterile is to let them play in dirt. And this is just this basic knowledge like you have the first three years to build up. Your microbiome is slowly, slowly mix segmenting in society as well. So this first experience as a child with nature as well as most important. Thank you. Marriage is. Turnoff things. Yeah, I think education knowledge is the base to understand something and to protect it. I mean, if you know about the vulnerability of the systems that we living in and how much we depend on them, it's obvious that we shouldn't speak about protection of nature as some. Yeah, I don't know, detached entity that we are not connected to, but we should actually speak about the conservation of human living conditions or human preservation, human habitat preservation or something. Probably we relate more to it. Because if you argue about topics like that, especially to people who are totally into that ca
pitalistic world, they're also they're always really detached to it. And our language is also detaching us from those biosphere, us from those ecosystems. But we're not. And basically, I think there's just a big lack of knowledge. And that's a reason I'm working with you, Ian, because I believe in this alternative. Simplified. Yeah. Aw, yeah. Alternative simplified DIY hacking environment. Because we can provide provide the knowledge in my from my perspective. But it's very important that probably people wouldn't have access to otherwise nearby enjoying and sitting inside the forest on the ground looking at whiteboards. Great. Thank you so much. I think the discussion has to continue maybe outside. We don't have time for any more questions. But thank you so much. My impression is that you guys will hopefully be around to just answer something out here, maybe a bit more elaborate. But thank you so much. And please give them a great round of applause.
Applause.
